Os Peticionários
terça-feira, 30 de março de 2010
Petição "EM DEFESA O MUSEU NACIONAL DE ARQUEOLOGIA"
quinta-feira, 25 de março de 2010
Novo hominídeo descoberto por análise de ADN
Catalunha em ambiente hostil há um milhão de anos
L'Anthropologie
Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages 1-140 (January-March 2010) | | ||
Paléolithique supérieur science-direct |
Destaque:
Nuno Ferreira Bicho (a), Juan Francisco Gibaja (a, b), Mary Stiner (c) and Tiina Manne (c)
(a) Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117 Faro, Portugal
(b) Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya, Paseo Santa Madrona, 39-41, Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Espagne
(c) Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,85731-0030, États-Unis
Résumé
Jusqu’au début des années 1990, l’occupation humaine au Paléolithique dans le sud du Portugal restait très mal connue. Cependant, cette situation a radicalement changé ces dernières années grâce au programme mené par les archéologues de l’université d’Algarve. Dans cet article, nous dresserons l’état des lieux de la recherche, en focalisant sur l’un des gisements les plus importants : Vale Boi. Nous présenterons sa large séquence chronoculturelle, qui comporte différentes occupations depuis le Paléolithique inférieur jusqu’au Néolithique, ainsi que les témoignages essentiels qu’il a livrés. Les études archéozoologiques ont ainsi révélé les modes d’exploitation des mammifères terrestres et l’approvisionnement en faune marine. Nous présenterons également l’industrie osseuse et l’important outillage en pierre. Enfin, nous évoquerons les objets qui renvoient à la sphère symbolique, notamment l’abondante parure en coquillage et sur dent animale, ainsi que l’exceptionnelle plaquette gravée d’animaux.
Abstract
Before the 90s, data on Paleolithic human occupation of southern Portugal was very scarce. During the last decade, the knowledge of the Upper Paleolithic of Algarve increased substantially due to the work of a research team based at the University of Algarve. The present paper is a report on the recent results from Algarve, focusing specially on the site of Vale Boi. It will present the chronology and stratigraphy of different human occupations from the early Upper Paleolithic up to the early Neolithic. It will focus on aspects of zooarchaeology and the exploitation of large and medium mammals as well as on marine fauna. In addition, we will present new data on stone and bone tools. Finally, we will also refer to the social and symbolic aspects present at the site, base on shell and teeth pendants and to an engraved plaquette with animal motifs.
terça-feira, 23 de março de 2010
JIA 2010 (Barcelona) - Sessão Demographic processes and cultural change: archaeological perspectives
Terá lugar, no âmbito do JIA 2010 (III Jornadas de Jóvenes en Investigación Arqueológica), que se realizará nos dias 5 a 7 de Maio de 2010 na Universidade Autónoma de Barcelona, a sessão Demographic processes and cultural change: archaeological perspectives. A sessão contará com a participação de investigadores de várias nacionalidades e com um painel temático relativamente abrangente, que vai desde a aplicação de estudos de ADN na compreensão da dispersão das populações neolíticas na bacia do Mediterrânico, à análise paleopatológica de factores de stress ocupacional enquanto proxy paleodemográfico.
David Rodríguez Antón | CSIC Barcelona | drodriguez@imf.csic.es
2. El Poblamiento en los Pirineos Occidentales Catalanes ¿Continuidad o cambio?
David Garcia Casas | Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona | davit83@hotmail.com
3. A new explanatory model for the first Upper Paleolithic occupations in SW Iberia
Telmo Pereira | Universidade do Algarve | telmojrpereira@gmail.com
4. Territoriality and social networks in the Upper Solutrean of Southern Iberia: a review of facts and perspectives for the future
João Cascalheira | Universidade do Algarve | jmcascalheira@ualg.pt
5. Analysis of the Palaeodemography of Hunters and Gatherers of the Late Upper Palaeolithic in Europe
Inga Kretschmer | University of Cologne | ingakretschmer@aol.com
6. Territorialidade e uso do espaço no Tardiglacial do Algarve
Carolina Mendonça | Universidade do Algarve | mendoncarolina@gmail.com
7. Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica como ferramenta de análise da ocupação do território na época mesolítica
Célia Gonçalves | Universidade do Algarve | ceelin@hotmail.com
8. The Neolithic in the Great Mediterranean context
Haidé Martins | University of Bristol | arhmdcm@bris.ac.uk
9. Robustez femoral, sulco pré-auricular e articulações acessórias ilíacas: Marcadores de stress ocupacional fiáveis? Estudo em indivíduos masculinos de duas Colecções de Esqueletos Identificados portuguesas
Vanessa Campanacho | Universidade de Coimbra | vanessa_campanacho@hotmail.com
segunda-feira, 22 de março de 2010
Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics
Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics
David A. Raichlen1*, Adam D. Gordon2, William E. H. Harcourt-Smith3,4, Adam D. Foster1, Wm. Randall Haas, Jr1
1 School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 23 Department of Anthropology, Lehman College, Bronx, New York, United States of America, 4 Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America Department of Anthropology, University at Albany–SUNY, Albany, New York, United States of America,
Abstract
Background
Debates over the evolution of hominin bipedalism, a defining human characteristic, revolve around whether early bipeds walked more like humans, with energetically efficient extended hind limbs, or more like apes with flexed hind limbs. The 3.6 million year old hominin footprints at Laetoli, Tanzania represent the earliest direct evidence of hominin bipedalism. Determining the kinematics of Laetoli hominins will allow us to understand whether selection acted to decrease energy costs of bipedalism by 3.6 Ma.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Using an experimental design, we show that the Laetoli hominins walked with weight transfer most similar to the economical extended limb bipedalism of humans. Humans walked through a sand trackway using both extended limb bipedalism, and more flexed limb bipedalism. Footprint morphology from extended limb trials matches weight distribution patterns found in the Laetoli footprints.
Conclusions
These results provide us with the earliest direct evidence of kinematically human-like bipedalism currently known, and show that extended limb bipedalism evolved long before the appearance of the genus Homo. Since extended-limb bipedalism is more energetically economical than ape-like bipedalism, energy expenditure was likely an important selection pressure on hominin bipeds by 3.6 Ma.
Citation: Raichlen DA, Gordon AD, Harcourt-Smith WEH, Foster AD, Haas WR Jr (2010) Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9769. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009769
Editor: Karen Rosenberg, University of Delaware, United States of America
Received: November 22, 2009; Accepted: February 28, 2010; Published: March 22, 2010
Copyright: © 2010 Raichlen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: Funding was provided from the University of Arizona. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: raichlen@email.arizona.edu
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009769
Quaternary Geochronology
Volume 5, Issues 2-3, Pages 83-390 (April-June 2010) | | ||
12th International Conference on Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating (LED 2008) Edited by R. Grün sciencedirect |
segunda-feira, 15 de março de 2010
Franceses reconstituem cérebro de Cro-Magnon1 em 3D
Os investigadores, bastante satisfeitos, digitalizaram o interior do crânio através de um scanner médico (tomografia computadorizada), que permitiu descobrir estruturas anatómicas internas até agora inacessíveis – no endocrânio. A tecnologia permite um acesso não invasivo, de forma a preservar a integridade do fóssil original.
Balzeau e Grimaud-Hervé verificaram que “a dimensão do cérebro do Cro-Magnon é maior do que a média actual”. E explicaram “que, ao longo da evolução, a dimensão corporal do homem foi diminuindo, assim como o seu crânio”.
IN: Ciência Hoje
2010-03-12
domingo, 14 de março de 2010
JIA 2010 (Barcelona) - Análisis tecnológicos y funcionales en la interpretación de los comportamientos humanos
Os interessados deverão enviar a sua proposta de comunicação até 17 de Março :
- Autor(es), contacto (email e morada) e instituição.
- Resumo até 1000 palavras. (título, resumo, palavras-chave e bibliografia específica)
- As línguas oficiais são o português, castelhano e inglês
As propostas deverão ser enviadas aos organizadores da sessão:
João Manuel Marreiros
FCHS – Departamento de História, Arqueologia e Património
Universidade do Algarve, 8005 – Gambelas, FARO
jmmarreiros@ualg.pt
(00351) 96 478 1889
Marcel Bradtmöller
Neanderthal Museum y
Departamento de Prehistoria
Universidad de Colonia
Talstraße 300
40822 Mettmann
Fon 02104.9797-54
bradtmoeller@neanderthal.de
Paloma de la Peña
Departamento de Prehistoria
Facultad de Geografía e Historia
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
0034-638170654
palomap@ghis.ucm.es
En castellano (lo sinto por mi malo castellano):
Los interesados deberán presentar su propuesta anunciada el 17 de marzo:
- Autor (s), contacto (correo electrónico y dirección) y la institución.
- Resumen hasta 1000 palabras. (título, resumen, palabras clave, y bibliografía específica),
Las propuestas deben ser enviadas a los organizadores de la sesión:
João Manuel Marreiros
FCHS – Departamento de História, Arqueologia e Património
Universidade do Algarve, 8005 – Gambelas, FARO
jmmarreiros@ualg.pt
(00351) 96 478 1889
Marcel Bradtmöller
Neanderthal Museum y
Departamento de Prehistoria
Universidad de Colonia
Talstraße 300
40822 Mettmann
Fon 02104.9797-54
bradtmoeller@neanderthal.de
Paloma de la Peña
Departamento de Prehistoria
Facultad de Geografía e Historia
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
0034-638170654
palomap@ghis.ucm.es
Integrating Zooarchaeology and Paleoethnobotany
A Consideration of Issues, Methods, and Cases
VanDerwarker, Amber M.; Peres, Tanya M. (Eds.)
1st Edition., 2010, XX, 317 p. 26 illus., 13 in color., Hardcover
ISBN: 978-1-4419-0934-3
- The first book to bring together archaeological plant and animal analysis
- Integrating different methodologies and issues from zooarchaeology and paleoethnobotany
- Features a number of new voices in the field as well as established scholars
In recent years, scholars have emphasized the need for more holistic subsistence analyses, and collaborative publications towards this endeavor have become more numerous in the literature. However, there are relatively few attempts to qualitatively integrate zooarchaeological (animal) and paleoethnobotanical (plant) data, and even fewer attempts to quantitatively integrate these two types of subsistence evidence. Given the vastly different methods used in recovering and quantifying these data, not to mention their different preservational histories, it is no wonder that so few have undertaken this problem.
Integrating Zooarchaeology and Paleoethnobotany takes the lead in tackling this important issue by addressing the methodological limitations of data integration, proposing new methods and innovative ways of using established methods, and highlighting case studies that successfully employ these methods to shed new light on ancient foodways. The volume challenges the perception that plant and animal foodways are distinct and contends that the separation of the analysis of archaeological plant and animal remains sets up a false dichotomy between these portions of the diet. In advocating qualitative and quantitative data integration, the volume establishes a clear set of methods for (1) determining the suitability of data integration in any particular case, and (2) carrying out an integrated qualitative or quantitative approach.
Content Level » Research
Keywords » Archaeological Methods - Environmental Archaeology - Subsistance Analysis
Related subjects » Animal Sciences - Archaeology - Plant Sciences